二氧化氯处理促进厚皮甜瓜果实的采后愈伤

目的 研究二氧化氯（ClO₂）处理对厚皮甜瓜果实采后愈伤的影响,为厚皮甜瓜的采后愈伤提供方法和理论依据。方法 以‘玛瑙’厚皮甜瓜为试材,人工模拟损伤后,用25 mg·L ^-1的ClO₂浸泡损伤果实10 min,于常温黑暗条件下进行愈伤。测定愈伤期间损伤果实的失重率以及损伤接种粉红单端孢果实的病情指数,通过甲苯胺蓝和间苯三酚—盐酸染色法观察聚酚软木脂、聚酯软木脂和木质素在伤口部位的积累,并用IS Capture图像软件对聚酚软木脂、聚酯软木脂和木质素积累量进行分析。测定伤口表面的色度值,分析伤口处组织愈伤期间苯丙烷代谢活性以及过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化。 结果 ClO₂处理显著降低了损伤果实的失重率和损伤接种果实的病情指数,愈伤第7天时,处理比对照低10.3%。果实在损伤后不同时间段接种粉红单端孢,经1周培养观察,处理果实的病情指数显著低于对照,第7天时处理果实的病情指数比对照低56.9%。处理显著促进了果实伤口处聚酚软木脂、聚酯软木脂和木质素的积累,处理果实的积累量在愈伤的中后期显著高于对照,三者比对照分别高25.3%、77.7%和35.5%。愈伤期间,处理果实伤口处的L*值显著低于对照,b*值显著高于对照,在愈伤第5天时,处理果实的L*值比对照低6.1%,第3天时的b*值比对照高17.8%。处理明显提高了果实伤口处的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性,在愈伤第7天时,处理果实伤口处的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别高于对照34.3%、80.5%和15.7%。此外,处理果实伤口处的总酚、类黄酮和木质素含量也显著高于对照,第7天时,分别高于对照14.7%、16.8%和15.6%。结论 ClO₂处理可有效促进厚皮甜瓜果实的采后愈伤,ClO₂对愈伤的促进作用与激活伤口处的苯丙烷代谢,提高POD和PPO活性,促进软木脂和木质素的积累密切相关。     

新疆核桃树腐烂病致病力室内测定方法的研究

为探索出快速、可靠及操作简便的新疆核桃树腐烂病室内致病力测定方法,通过不同伤口类型将强致病力菌株的菌饼、分生孢子悬浮液和菌悬液接种在‘温185’核桃品种3种枝龄的枝条上,观测4种不同温度处理后核桃树腐烂病的发病程度得出最适致病条件。结果表明：3年生枝龄的核桃腐烂病发病最严重,病斑长度达到8.5 cm;通过烫伤处理后利用菌饼接种的离体枝条病斑长度最大,为9.8 cm;最利于病原菌扩展的温度为25℃,病斑长度达到11 cm;烫伤后放置0、1、2、3、4天后接种,病斑长度扩展无显著性差异性。研究结果为核桃腐烂病室内致病力的快速测定提供理论依据。     

Alginate Hydrogels Coated with Chitosan for Wound Dressing

In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. Finally, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was tested. Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics.     

Rapid temperature‐dependent wound closure following adipose fin clipping of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L

Three groups of Atlantic salmon were kept at a constant temperature of 4, 10 and 14 °C. The adipose fins were removed; six fish/group were sampled at 11 subsequent time points post‐clipping. Samples were prepared for histopathological examination to study the course of re‐epithelization. A score sheet was developed to assess the regeneration of epidermal and dermal cell types. Wounds were covered by a thin epidermal layer between 4 and 6 h post‐clipping at 10 and 14 °C. In contrast, wound closure was completed between 6 and 12 h in fish held at a constant temperature of 4 °C. By 18 h post‐clipping, superficial cells, cuboidal cells, prismatic basal cells and mucous cells were discernible in all temperature groups, rapidly progressing towards normal epidermal structure and thickness. Within the observation period, only minor regeneration was found in the dermal layers. A positive correlation between water temperature and healing rates was established for the epidermis. The rapid wound closure rate, epidermal normalization and the absence of inflammatory reaction signs suggest that adipose fin clipping under anaesthesia constitutes a minimally invasive method that may be used to mark large numbers of salmon presmolts without compromising fish welfare.     

氧化还原电位水在小面积浅Ⅱ°烧烫伤创面的应用

目的:探讨氧化还原电位水用于小面积浅Ⅱ°烧烫伤创面治疗的效果。方法:选择非电光烧烫伤、火焰烧烫伤、化学烧烫伤和没有被污染的或没有用其它方法治疗过的门诊患者22例。所有患者均为小面积浅Ⅱ°烧烫伤。入选患者被随机平均分成实验组和对照组。实验组应用新鲜配制的氧化还原电位水(pH2.1～2.5,氧化还原电位1100～1200mv,有效氯90～130mg/L),对照组使用普通生理盐水。观察烧烫伤伤者一般情况变化,烧烫伤创面局部疼痛程度,烧烫伤创面局部分泌物的量和气味,以及烧烫伤创面局部细菌培养和愈合快慢等情况。结果:各组均有11个病例,两组间年龄和受伤面积没有统计学差异。两组创面疼痛比较,伤后第7天治疗组创面疼痛明显减轻(P<0.05)。两组创面分泌物的量比较,治疗后第3、5、7、10d分别与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前、后创面细菌培养比较,治疗第3天后氧化还原电位水组(实验组)创面细菌培养阳性比数明显减少(1/11),与对照组(4/11)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组创面愈合时间和全身不良反应比较:氧化还原电位水(实验组)创面完全愈合时间为(7.24±1.83)d,对照组创面愈...     

Extraction Procedure,Characteristics, and Feasibility of Caulerpa microphysa (Chlorophyta) Polysaccharide Extract as a Cosmetic Ingredient

The green alga Caulerpa microphysa, which is native to Taiwan, has a relatively high economic value and a well-developed culture technique, and is used mainly as a foodstuff. Its extract has been shown to exhibit antitumor properties, but the polysaccharide content of the extract and its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects and moisture-absorption and -retention capacity remain unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the polysaccharides in C. microphysa extract (CME) for use in cosmetics. The overall polysaccharide yield from the CME was 73.93% w/w, with four molecular weight fractions. The polysaccharides comprised 59.36 mol% mannose, 27.16 mol% glucose, and 13.48 mol% galactose. In addition, the CME exhibited strong antiallergic, wound-healing, transdermal-delivery, and moisture-absorption and -retention effects. In conclusion, the results suggested that CME potentially has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects and a good moisture capacity, which can be used in cosmetic applications.     

灭腐新防治苹果树腐烂病田间药效试验

[目的]明确灭腐新防治苹果树腐烂病的效果。[方法]以40%福美胂可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,研究灭腐新原液田间防治苹果树腐烂病的效果。[结果]灭腐新与福美胂当年秋对病疤重犯的防治效果分别为83.98%、76.26%,第2年春分别为82.54%、65.46%,第3年春分别为85.92%、49.87%。2种药剂第3年春的防治效果存在极显著差异。灭腐新与福美胂当年秋对病斑伤口的促愈效果分别为44.82%、-8.12%,平均伤口愈合度分别为0.517、0.328,第2年秋的促愈效果分别为62.87%、-2.40%,平均伤口愈合度分别为0.816、0.489。[结论]灭腐新具有连续防治病疤重犯和持续促进愈合的效果,应大力推广应用。     

调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米根冠生长与水分动态响应特征

以玉米为试验材料,在自动感应式遮雨棚下,采用测坑微区试验方法,研究黑龙江西部滴灌条件下调亏灌溉对作物根冠生长、干物质分配特征、根冠比、耗水特征及植株伤流量的影响。以土壤相对含水率(占田间持水率的百分数)为控制上下限,设置5个水分调亏处理,分别为苗期轻度(60%~70%FC)处理,苗期中度(50%~60%FC)处理,拔节期轻度(60%~70%FC)处理,拔节期中度(50%~60%FC)处理,苗期中度、拔节期轻度处理,另设全生育期保持适宜土壤水分(70%~80%FC)作为对照。试验结果表明,调亏灌溉不改变玉米根部和冠部生长的原有总趋势,也不改变冠部各器官生长的基本趋势,但是显著地增大了作物根冠比(R/S),复水后根、冠补偿生长效应明显,促进光合同化产物向生殖器官的运转与分配,增大了生育后期干物质向果穗的分配率。苗期中度处理和拔节期轻度处理的玉米,在调亏期间使根系维持较高的根质量,水分胁迫复水后根系活力明显提高,其伤流量表现出超补偿效应,在灌浆期仍保持较高的伤流量并且在生育后期仍保持有较高的根冠比(R/S),是协调玉米根冠生长关系的适宜水分调亏处理。